Crave+the+Wave

=Crave the Wave = Coaches & volunteers- Team-


Paper test only
 * Hudson Invite- RESOURCES**

[|2008 CC Powerpoint Presentation]

//**On Wednesday, February 25, Mr. Emmi will administer a Crave the Wave test. Please come prepared with all the materials you will take to the competition and be prepared to begin at 3:20.**//

Current Topic to Research-
INFO JUST ADDED: [] Sound wave site: []
 * Spectrum picture
 * NM of colors
 * Conversions from Nanometres to meters, millimeters to micrometre.
 * Diffraction

STATES!! need to know what sound and light waves can travel through.

General wave characteristics

  Wavelength (l)-= Wave speed/frequency. Distance between repeating units of a wave.   Amplitude (a) - The distance between the crest and trough of the wave divided by 2. Wavelength tells you the type of light and Amplitude tells you about the intensity of the light   Frequency (f) - Number Of occurinces of repeating events ( Wave going up and down in a certain unit of time   Period (T) - The **period** of a wave is the time for a particle on a medium to make one complete vibrational cycle. Period, being a time, is measured in units of time such as seconds, hours, days or years. Nm= nanometers

Nodes/antinodes:

Wave types   Transverse- Waves that are moving, and the oscillation occurs perpendicular to the energy.   Longitudinal - Waves Where the molecules oscillate parallel to direction of energy.   Surface -Any Wave Above Ground. ex. Ocean waves.   Torsional- Waves that twist and bend through a wire or a rod. ex. Jump rope

Speed of Sound: 340.29 m/second

Wave phenomenon Sound and light: reflection, standing waves, constructive and destructive interference, refraction, effect of media, deffraction, Doppler affect.

// Reflection // Light is known to behave in a very predictable manner. If a ray of light could be observed approaching and reflecting off of a flat mirror, then the behavior of the light as it reflects would follow a predictable //law// known as the **law of reflection**. The diagram below illustrates the law of reflection.

light reflects exactly opposite of where its source was In the diagram, the ray of light approaching the mirror is known as the **incident ray**  (labeled **I** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> in the diagram). The ray of light which leaves the mirror is known as the reflected ray <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(labeled <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">**r** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> in the diagram). At the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror, a line can be drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror. This line is known as a <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">**normal line** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(labeled **N** in the diagram). The normal line divides the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray into two equal angles. The angle between the incident ray and the normal is known as the <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">**angle of incidence**. The angle between the reflected ray and the normal is known as the <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">**angle of reflection** .The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

//Refraction//

**Refraction** is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly seen when a wave passes from one medium to another. Refraction of light is the most commonly seen example, but any type of wave can refract when it interacts with a medium, for example when sound waves pass from one medium into another or when water waves move into water of a different depth.

Each color has a different wavelength, and it bends differently from all other colors. Short wavelengths are slowed more sharply upon entering glass from air than are long wavelengths. #|Red light has the longest wavelength and is bent the least. Violet light has the shortest wavelength and is bent the most. Thus violet #|light travels more slowly through glass than does any other color.

when light passes from a substance of high **density** into one of low density, its speed increases, and it bends away from its original path.

Diffraction: The bending of waves around the edge of a barrier. Micrometre is on millienth of a meter Nanometre is a millionth of a meter

The visible indigo light has a wavelength of about 445 nm. ||  || The visible blue light has a wavelength of about 475 nm. Because the blue wavelengths are shorter in the visible spectrum, they are scattered more efficiently by the molecules in the atmosphere. This causes the sky to appear blue. || || The visible green light has a wavelength of about 510 nm. Grass, for example, appears green because all of the colors in the visible part of the spectrum are absorbed into the leaves of the grass except green. Green is reflected, therefore grass appears green. || || The visible yellow light has a wavelength of about 570 nm. Low-pressure sodium lamps, like those used in some parking lots, emit a yellow (wavelength 589 nm) light. || || The visible orange light has a wavelength of about 590 nm. ||  || The visible red light has a wavelength of about 650 nm. At sunrise and sunset, red or orange colors are present because the wavelengths associated with these colors are less efficiently scattered by the atmosphere than the shorter wavelength colors (e.g., blue and purple). A large amount of blue and violet light has been removed as a result of scattering and the longwave colors, such as red and orange, are more readily seen. || ||
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//Constructive Interference//

During the time when one wave passes through another we say that the waves //**interfere**//. It is really not correct to say that the waves collide or hit, although this is often how such an interaction is termed. When the //**crest**// of one wave passes through, or is //**superpositioned**// upon, the //**crest**// of another wave, we say that the waves //**constructively interfere**//. Constructive interference also occurs when the //**trough**// of one wave is superpositioned upon the //**trough**// of another wave.

** Electromagnetic waves **  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> ** Electromagnetic Spectrum- ** The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is just a name that scientists give a bunch of types of radiation when they want to talk about them as a group. Gold team http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html The spectrum from Fatest to slowest is: Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio Waves.  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> Relationship between wavelength & frequency-. When you increase wavelength, you decrease frequency.  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> ** Standard wavelength bands including uses and dangers- Danges of ultraviolet wavelenghth bands from the sun can cause sunburn and skin cancer. **
 * Energy carried by AM/FM waves ** AM carrier waves have much longer wavelengths than FM carrier waves, and as a result, they can bend around obstacles like mountains and buildings better than FM waves and can travel greater distances before the signal fades.
 * Spectroscopy**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Red, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">blue , and <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">green are the primary colors of light. Mixing these colors can produce all of the colors of the spectrum.**

Seisemic Waves
 * Primary waves (P-wave)- Can Travel through gasses and liquids. P-wave stands for Primary wave. Fastest elastic wave. longitudinal or compressional waves, which means that the ground is alternately compressed. In solids, these waves generally travel almost twice as fast as S waves and can travel through any type of material. In air, these pressure waves take the form of sound waves, hence they travel at the speed of sound. Typical speeds are 330 m/s in air, 1450 m/s in water and about 5000 m/s in granite. When generated by an earthquake they are less destructive than the S waves and surface waves that follow them, due to their bigger amplitudes.
 * Secondary waves (S wave) - moves like a tranverse wave. S stands for secondary wave. A body wave. S waves (secondary waves) are transverse or shear waves, which means that the ground is displaced perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. In the case of horizontally polarized S waves, the ground moves alternately to one side and then the other. S waves can travel only through solids, as fluids (liquids and gases) do not support shear stresses. Their speed is about 60% of that of P waves in a given material. S waves are several times larger in amplitude than P waves for earthquake sources.
 * Body-wave - Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. There are two kinds of body waves: primary and secondary.
 * Love Waves-They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, about 90% of the S wave velocity. Horizontal shearing of land.


 * Propagation-The way a wave travels through a waveguide.
 * Waveguide- A place where waves are traveled through. Different guides for different types of wavs including light, sound and electromagnetic waves.
 * Rayleigh Waves: Travel through solids, close to the surface.

Page done by Aaron L. and Samuel K.